زنان بارداری که مثبت میاندیشند، فرزندانی با توانایی ریاضی ‘بالا دارند’
محققان دریافتهاند که مثبت اندیشی مادران به افزایش موفقیتهای درسی کودکانشان کمک میکند
پژوهش تازه نشان میدهد که زنان باردار که مثبت میاندیشند و تمایل بیشتری به تلاش برای کنترل شرایط خود نشان میدهند، ممکن است فرزندانی به دنیا بیاورند که از توانایی بالایی در فهم ریاضیات و علوم برخوردار باشند.
محققان دانشگاه بریستول در بریتانیا شخصیت ۱۶۰۰ زن باردار را مطالعه کردهاند تا بدانند که آیا مادران باردار احساس میکنند که زندگی خود را تحت کنترل دارند یا نه.
سپس، محققان توانمندی درک ریاضیات و علوم و مهارتهای حل مسئله را در کودکان متولد دهه نود، در سنین هشت، یازده و ۱۳ سالگی مورد بررسی قرار دادهاند.
یافتههای دانشگاه بریستول که در مجله روانشناسی ‘Frontiers in Psychology’ منتشر شد، نشان میدهد مادرانی که احساس میکنند کنترل زندگی خود را بدست دارند، دارای کودکانی بودهاند که ریاضیات و درک و فهم علوم در مرتبه بالاتری قرار دارند.
بر پایه این تحقیق، مادرانی که نگاهی مثبت به زندگی داشتند، به تغدیه کودکانشان که سبب رشد مغز آنها میشود، توجه بیشتر میکنند، تمایل آنها به خواندن داستان برای کودکانشان بیشتر است و همچنین، علاقه بیشتر به مشق و تکالیف منزل و پیشرفت درسی آنها نشان میدهند.
محققان میگویند زمانیکه مادران تغذیه بهتر، خواب بهتر و توانایی کنترل هیجانها را با موفقیت کودکانشان مرتبط میدانند، کودکان آنها ممکن است از کارکرد تحصیلی بالاتر و مشکلات کمتر در مدرسه برخوردار باشند.
‘مهم است که زنان باردار باور کنند که آنچه انجام میدهند اهمیت دارد’
در این تحقیق، محققان ویژگی شخصیتی به حالتی موسوم “جایگاه کنترل” (locus of control) را در مادران باردار مورد مطالعه قرار دادند. این شاخص شخصیتی چگونگی تفکرات اشخاص را درباره چیزهای تحت کنترلشان در زندگی و اینکه عوامل خارجی فراتر از کنترل آنها چه تاثیری بر چگونگی تغییر روند زندگی شان دارند، مشخص میکند.
افرادی که فکر میکنند جایگاه کنترلشان خارج از خودشان است، تلاش کمتری برای کنترل شرایط خود به خرج میدهند. در مقابل کسانی با کنترل داخلی، با انگیزه بیشتری عمل میکنند، زیرا احساس میکنند که می توانند بر آنچه پیرامونشان اتفاق میافتد، تأثیر بگذارند.
محققان میگویند که تحقیقات پیش از این نشان داده بودند که جایگاه کنترل در کودکان با افزایش موفقیتهای درسی همراه است، اما تاکنون معلوم نبود که آیا احساس کنترل و مثبت اندیشی مادران در دوران بارداری نقشی در کارکرد آموزشی کودکان شان دارد یا خیر.
پروفسور ژان گولدینگ، سرگروه محققان به بیبیسی فارسی گفت: “مهم است که زنان باور کنند که آنچه انجام میدهند، اهمیت دارد. مادران فکر نکنند که عوامل خارجی فراتر از کنترل آنها بوده و کودکان را به حال خود رها کنند.”
خانم گولدینگ در پاسخ به این سئوال که مادران باردار چه راهکاری را باید روی دست بگیرند، گفت: “شواهد علمی وجود دارد که رفتار مادران بر نوزادن تاثیر میگذارد. از همین رو، مادران باردار باید سیگار نکشند و رژیم غذایی مناسب را دنبال کنند. پس از زایمان، تغذیه با شیر مادر مهم است و همچنین داشتن مجموعهای از رفتارهای مناسب با کودکانشان. بعدها در دوران کودکی، در کنار یک رژیم غذایی مناسب، تعامل مادر با کودک و آموزش او، به ویژه خواندن اهمیت دارد. در هنگام رشد کودکان، مادران باید به آنچه که کودکاشان در مدرسه انجام میدهند و با مشکلاتی که مواجهاند، توجه کنند.”
او افزود که انجام این کار برای والدینی که قادر به خواندن نیستند، شاید دشوار باشد، اما آنهایی که باور دارند که میتوانند توسط رفتارشان بر شرایط پیرامون خود تاثیر بگذارند، قادرند گزینههای دیگر را دریابند.
محققان میگویند که احتمال موفقیت درسی کودکانی که مادران مثبتاندیش دارند در آینده بیشتر است و آنها احتمالا مشکلات اجتماعی و شخصی کمتری در مدرسه خواهند داشت و همچنین احتمال دچار شدن آنها به اضافه وزن نیز کمتر از دیگر کودکان است.

زنان باردار چه چیزهایی بخورند؟
یک زن به طور متوسط روزانه ۲۰۰۰ کالری نیاز دارد که شامل آب و نوشیدنی هر دو میشود. اما در سه ماه آخر بارداری٬ باید روزانه ۲۰۰ کالری بیشتر بخورد. در شش ماه نخست به کالری اضافه بر قبل نیازی ندارد.
یک رژیم غذایی متعادل متشکل از پنج گروه اصلی غذایی یعنی سبزیجات٬ کربوهیدرات مثل پاستا و سیبزمینی٬ پروتئین مثل ماهی و تخممرغ و گوشت و لبنیات مثل شیر و ماست است.
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- مصرف روزانه پروتئین شامل گوشت، ماهی و تخم مرغ
- مصرف دستکم دو بار ماهی در هفته که یک بار آن ماهی روغنی مانند سلمون باشد
- در بخش لبنیات از محصولات کم چرب استفاده شود
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زیاد خوردن در حاملگی میتواند برای مادر و کودک هر دو مضر باشد.
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