روان شناسی و شبه روان شناسی – دکتر محمدرضا سرگلزایی
ﻫﺮ روز ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی، ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ میﺷﻮد. ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻴﺶ از ﭘﻴﺶ، ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ذﻫﻨﻴﺖﻫﺎ، ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ و اﻧﺘﻈﺎرات ﻣﺎ، ﭼﻪﻗﺪر در اﺣﺴﺎس ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎلی و ﺧﻮشبختی ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ در اﻧﺪوه و ﻧﺎﻛﺎمی ﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ درﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ در ﻣﻮرد ﺧﻮد ﺑﺪاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ «اﻓﻜﺎرنابه جا »و « ﺑﺎورﻫﺎی ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ» را در ﺧﻮدﺷﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎیی ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و آنﻫﺎ را رﻓﻊ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻴﺮاژ ﻛﺘﺎبﻫﺎی روانﺷﻨﺎسی، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﺠﻼت روانﺷﻨﺎسی، زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮنی ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع روانﺷﻨﺎسی و ﺗﻌﺪاد اﻓﺮادی ﻛﻪ در ﻛﻼسﻫﺎی روانﺷﻨﺎسی ﺷﺮﻛﺖ میﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﺸﺎوره میﻛﻨﻨﺪ، اﺻﻼً ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ده ﺳﺎل ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ و اﻳﻦ روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی، روز ﺑﻪ روز ﺑﻴﺶﺗﺮ میﺷﻮد. اﻛﻨﻮن ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎن ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ و ﻣﺪﻳﺮان ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی، نمیﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه وری را از ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
اﻣﺎ اﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﻪی اﻳﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﻪﻣﻨﺪان ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه ﺑﻪﺟﺎی ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ «روانﺷﻨﺎسی»، ﺑﻪ «ﺷﺒﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی» ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ، ﻧﻪﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ای از ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪی ﺧﻮد نمیﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮد را اﺳﻴﺮ ﺧﻴﺎلﺑﺎفیﻫﺎ و ذﻫﻨﻴﺖﻫﺎی دﻳﮕﺮان میﻛﻨﻨﺪ «ﺷﺒﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی» یعنی ﺣﺮفﻫﺎ و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎیی ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻼف روان ﺷﻨﺎسی، ﻫﻴﭻ رﻳﺸﻪی علمی ﻧﺪارد! روانﺷﻨﺎسی، ﻳﻚ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﺠﺮبی ﺳﺖ، یعنی علمی اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢﭼﻮن شیمی، زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎسی، زﻣﻴﻦﺷﻨﺎسی و… ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪی ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮار دارد.
اﮔﺮ از یک روانﺷﻨﺎس ﺳﺆالی ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪ، درﺻﻮرتی ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻼً در ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوژهی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎتی، ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ داده ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺜﺎل اﮔﺮ از روانﺷﻨﺎسی ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻴﺪ «: آﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪم را در سالگی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺪﻛﻮدک ﺑﺴﭙﺎرم ﻳﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﭘﻴﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎنی، ﻓﺮزﻧﺪم ﭘﻴﺶ ﺧﻮدم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟» روانﺷﻨﺎس ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داد «: ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت علمی ﻧﺸﺎن میدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن ۳ ﺳﺎﻟﻪای ﻛﻪ…» ﻧﻜﺘﻪی ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﺟﺮا ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ روانﺷﻨﺎس، ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دﻗﻴﻘﺎً راﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﺳﺆال ﺷﻤﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﮔﺮ در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت علمی اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت علمی ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﭘﺎﺳﺦ روانﺷﻨﺎس اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ; «نمیدانم!». اﮔﺮ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪی را ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻛﺮدﻳﺪ، ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ «ﻋﻠﻢ روانﺷﻨﺎسی» ﺳﺮوﻛﺎر دارﻳﺪ اﻣﺎ اﮔﺮ در ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺳﺆال ﺷﻤﺎ، ﺟﻮاب اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ: «ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ…» «ﻳﺎ در ﻣﻮرد ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ ﺧﻮدم…» ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪاﻧﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ یک «ﺷﺒﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎس» ﺳﺮوﻛﺎر دارﻳﺪ. ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ نمیﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ از «ﻧﻈﺮات شخصی» او آﮔﺎه ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ «ﺗﺠﺮبهی شخصی و ﺧﺎﻧﻮادگی او» را ﺑﺪاﻧﻴﺪ، ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎس ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ میﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺪاﻧﻴﺪ «ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت علمی» در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭼﻪ میﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ .
ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزار «ﺷﺒﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی» ﺑﺴﻴﺎر داغ اﺳﺖ. اﻓﺮاد زﻳﺎدی ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ شخصی ﺧﻮد را در ﻟﻔﺎﻓﻪی اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﻴﭽﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮدم ﻣﻲﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪ. ﻫﻴﭻ اﺷﻜﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺪارد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻫﻢ اﻇﻬﺎرﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ اﺷﻜﺎل ﻛﺎر اﻳﻦﺟﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آﻧﺎن ﻛﺎﻻی ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم « روانﺷﻨﺎسی» میﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪ و در اﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺮا، روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد!
ﻣﺎﺟﺮا اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دراﺳﺎس، اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ، ﭼﻪ زﺷﺖ، ﭼﻪ زﻳﺒﺎ، ﭼﻪ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ و ﭼﻪ ﻣﻀﺮ، ربطی ﺑﻪ «داﻧﺶ ﺗﺠﺮبی روانﺷﻨﺎسی» ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ و ﺟﺪاﻛﺮدن آنﭼﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی اﺳﺖ، از آنﭼﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎسی ﻧﻴﺴﺖ، یکی از وﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺧﻄﻴﺮ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞﻛﺮده و ﻣﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ اﺧﻼق علمی است.

روان شناسی و شبه روان شناسی – دکتر محمدرضا سرگلزایی
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