دل میشکند، مغز فرمان میدهد و قلب آسیب میبیند
وقتی ناراحت میشوید و دلتان میشکند، قلب شما اذیت میشود و این فرآیندی است که احتمالا توسط مغز انجام میشود. این نتیجه تحقیق دانشمندان سوئیسی در مورد وضعیت نادری به نام سندرم “قلب شکسته” است.
این نارسایی خیلی سریع رخ میدهد و زمان آن معمولا پس از یک واقعه استرسزا یا احساسی مانند سوگواری است.
در مورد این قضیه اطلاعات زیادی در دسترس نیست ولی “نشریه قلب اروپا” میگوید که مغز در واکنش نسبت به استرس نقش ایفا میکند.
نفستنگی و درد؛ سندروم قلب شکسته چیست؟
این سندرم به نام “سندرم تاکوتسوبو” هم شناخته میشود. دلیل این نامگذاری، شکل قلب افراد دارای این شرایط است که به کوزهای ژاپنی به همین نام شباهت دارد. دلیل سندرم قلب شکسته میتواند شوکه شدن فرد باشد.
این بیماری با حمله قلبی ناشی از انسداد عروق متفاوت است اما شباهتهایی هم به آن دارد؛ از جمله تنگی نفس و احساس درد در قفسه سینه.
اغلب یک واقعه ناراحتکننده عامل شروع بیماری است اما اتفاقات خیلی هیجانانگیز مانند عروسی یا پیدا کردن شغل جدید هم میتواند با آن مرتبط باشد.
شاید بیماری موقتی باشد و عضلات قلب پس از چند روز، هفته یا ماه خودشان را بازسازی کنند، ولی برای برخی این نارسایی میتواند به مرگ هم منجر شود. گفته میشود که سالانه حدود ۲۵۰۰ نفر در بریتانیا به این بیماری مبتلا میشوند.
هنوز دلیل قطعی این بیماری مشخص نیست اما دانشمندان معتقدند که میتواند با بالا رفتن میزان هورمونهای استرس مانند آدرنالین مرتبط باشد.
اسکن قلب مبتلا به تاکوتسوبو، شکل غیر طبیعی آن را نشان میدهد.
معما
دکتر یلنا قدری و همکارانش در بیمارستان دانشگاه زوریخ، فرآیندی که در مغز ۱۵ بیمار مبتلا به قلب شکسته رخ داد را زیر نظر گرفتند. اسکنهای مغزی نشان از تفاوتهای قابل توجه بین آنها و اسکن مغزی ۳۹ فرد سالم داشت.
در مغز آنها بین قسمتهایی که در کنترل احساسات دخیل هستند همکاری کمتری با قسمتهایی که اعمال ناخودآگاه یا خودکار مثل ضربان قلب را کنترل میکنند، دیده شد. اینها قسمتهایی از مغز هستند که تصور میشود، واکنش ما نسبت به استرس را کنترل میکنند.
دکتر قدری گفت: “احساسات در مغز پردازش میشوند و بنابراین منطقی است که بیماری در مغز ایجاد شود و تاثیر آن تا قلب ادامه پیدا کند.”
مسیر دقیق این فرآیند هنوز مشخص نیست و هنوز به تحقیق بیشتری نیاز دارد. اسکن مغزی بیماران قبل یا زمانی که سندرم قلب شکسته آنها گسترش مییابد در دسترس نیست و در نتیجه دانشمندان نمیتوانند بگویند که کاهش ارتباط بین بخشهای مغز موجب سندرم تاکوتسوبو میشود یا برعکس.
جوئل رز، مدیر اجرایی “موسسه بیماریهای ماهیچهای قلب” بریتانیا، گفت: “این بخشی مهم از تحقیقی است که به ما کمک میکند تا آگاهیمان راجع به ماهیچههای قلب را شکل دهیم؛ بخشی که تا به حال شبیه یک معما بوده”
پروفسور دانا داوسن از دانشگاه آبردین هم در این رابطه گفت: “این تحقیق پشتیبان عملکرد متقابل مغز و قلب در تاکوتسوبو است؛ فرضیهای که ما مدتها نسبت به آن مطمئن نبودیم.”
منبع: بیبیسی
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